Apathy in Parkinson’s disease
Identifieur interne : 000E52 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000E51; suivant : 000E53Apathy in Parkinson’s disease
Auteurs : G C Pluck ; R G BrownSource :
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry [ 0022-3050 ] ; 2002-12.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- ADL, activities of daily living, AES-C, clinician/researcher rated apathy evaluation scale, AES-S, self report rated apathy evaluation scale, BDI, Beck depression inventory, CAMCOG, Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, COWAT, controlled word association test, HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale, MMSE, mini-mental state examination, NS, novelty seeking, PD-HA, Parkinson’s disease-high apathy, PD-LA, Parkinson’s disease-low apathy, Parkinson’s disease, SE, Schwab and England scale, SHPS, Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale, TPQ, tridimensional personality questionnaire, WCST, Wisconsin card sort test, cognition disorders, motivation.
Abstract
Objective: To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. Methods: Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. Conclusions: Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636
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ISTEX:922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title><author><name sortKey="Pluck, G C" sort="Pluck, G C" uniqKey="Pluck G" first="G C" last="Pluck">G C Pluck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, R G" sort="Brown, R G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="R G" last="Brown">R G Brown</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57</idno><date when="2002" year="2002">2002</date><idno type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000E52</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title><author><name sortKey="Pluck, G C" sort="Pluck, G C" uniqKey="Pluck G" first="G C" last="Pluck">G C Pluck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, R G" sort="Brown, R G" uniqKey="Brown R" first="R G" last="Brown">R G Brown</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2002-12">2002-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">73</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="636">636</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></series><idno type="istex">922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-73-636.pdf</idno><idno type="PMID">12438462</idno><idno type="local">0730636</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>ADL, activities of daily living</term><term>AES-C, clinician/researcher rated apathy evaluation scale</term><term>AES-S, self report rated apathy evaluation scale</term><term>BDI, Beck depression inventory</term><term>CAMCOG, Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly</term><term>COWAT, controlled word association test</term><term>HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale</term><term>MMSE, mini-mental state examination</term><term>NS, novelty seeking</term><term>PD-HA, Parkinson’s disease-high apathy</term><term>PD-LA, Parkinson’s disease-low apathy</term><term>Parkinson’s disease</term><term>SE, Schwab and England scale</term><term>SHPS, Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale</term><term>TPQ, tridimensional personality questionnaire</term><term>WCST, Wisconsin card sort test</term><term>cognition disorders</term><term>motivation</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objective: To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. Methods: Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. Conclusions: Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>G C Pluck</name><affiliations><json:string>Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R G Brown</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Papers</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Musculoskeletal syndromes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson’s disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>motivation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cognition disorders</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ADL, activities of daily living</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AES-C, clinician/researcher rated apathy evaluation scale</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AES-S, self report rated apathy evaluation scale</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>BDI, Beck depression inventory</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CAMCOG, Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>COWAT, controlled word association test</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MMSE, mini-mental state examination</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>NS, novelty seeking</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PD-HA, Parkinson’s disease-high apathy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PD-LA, Parkinson’s disease-low apathy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SE, Schwab and England scale</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SHPS, Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TPQ, tridimensional personality questionnaire</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>WCST, Wisconsin card sort test</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Objective: To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. Methods: Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. Conclusions: Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.1</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>21</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2108</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5797</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>38656</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>298</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title><pmid><json:string>12438462</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>73</volume><pages><first>636</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-3050</json:string></issn><issue>6</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-330X</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></host><publicationDate>2002</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2002</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636</json:string></doi><id>922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title><respStmt xml:id="ISTEX-API" resp="Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID" name="ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)"></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2002-12-01</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Correspondence to:
Dr G Pluck, P070, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK;
g.pluck@iop.kcl.ac.uk</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title><author><persName><forename type="first">G C</forename><surname>Pluck</surname></persName><affiliation>Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R G</forename><surname>Brown</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2002-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">73</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="636">636</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-73-636.pdf</idno><idno type="PMID">12438462</idno><idno type="local">0730636</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2002-12-01</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. Methods: Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. Conclusions: Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Musculoskeletal syndromes</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>KWD</head><item><term>Parkinson’s disease</term></item><item><term>motivation</term></item><item><term>cognition disorders</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>ABR</head><item><term>ADL, activities of daily living</term></item><item><term>AES-C, clinician/researcher rated apathy evaluation scale</term></item><item><term>AES-S, self report rated apathy evaluation scale</term></item><item><term>BDI, Beck depression inventory</term></item><item><term>CAMCOG, Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly</term></item><item><term>COWAT, controlled word association test</term></item><item><term>HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale</term></item><item><term>MMSE, mini-mental state examination</term></item><item><term>NS, novelty seeking</term></item><item><term>PD-HA, Parkinson’s disease-high apathy</term></item><item><term>PD-LA, Parkinson’s disease-low apathy</term></item><item><term>SE, Schwab and England scale</term></item><item><term>SHPS, Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale</term></item><item><term>TPQ, tridimensional personality questionnaire</term></item><item><term>WCST, Wisconsin card sort test</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2002-12-01">Created</change><change when="2002-12">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-14">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article xml:lang="en" article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jnnp</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3050</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-330X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="other">0730636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;73/6/636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">12438462</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp.73.6.636</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject content-type="original">Papers</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Musculoskeletal syndromes</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pluck</surname><given-names>G C</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>R G</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="AFF1"><label>1</label>Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5, UK </aff><aff id="AFF2"><label>2</label>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to:
Dr G Pluck, P070, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK;
<ext-link xlink:href="g.pluck@iop.kcl.ac.uk" ext-link-type="email" xlink:type="simple">g.pluck@iop.kcl.ac.uk</ext-link></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2002</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>12</month><year>2002</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">73</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">73</volume-id><issue>6</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;73/6</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">6</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">73/6</issue-id><fpage>636</fpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2002</year></date><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2001</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2002</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2002 Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2002</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jnnp-73-636.pdf"></self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective:</bold> To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="KWD" xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>motivation</kwd><kwd>cognition disorders</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group kwd-group-type="ABR" xml:lang="en"><kwd>ADL, activities of daily living</kwd><kwd>AES-C, clinician/researcher rated apathy evaluation scale</kwd><kwd>AES-S, self report rated apathy evaluation scale</kwd><kwd>BDI, Beck depression inventory</kwd><kwd>CAMCOG, Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly</kwd><kwd>COWAT, controlled word association test</kwd><kwd>HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale</kwd><kwd>MMSE, mini-mental state examination</kwd><kwd>NS, novelty seeking</kwd><kwd>PD-HA, Parkinson’s disease-high apathy</kwd><kwd>PD-LA, Parkinson’s disease-low apathy</kwd><kwd>SE, Schwab and England scale</kwd><kwd>SHPS, Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale</kwd><kwd>TPQ, tridimensional personality questionnaire</kwd><kwd>WCST, Wisconsin card sort test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Apathy in Parkinson’s disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G C</namePart><namePart type="family">Pluck</namePart><affiliation>Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R G</namePart><namePart type="family">Brown</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Musculoskeletal syndromes</topic></subject><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2002-12</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2002-12-01</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2002</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Objective: To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. Methods: Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. Conclusions: Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.</abstract><note type="author-notes">Correspondence to:
Dr G Pluck, P070, Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK;
g.pluck@iop.kcl.ac.uk</note><subject lang="en"><genre>KWD</genre><topic>Parkinson’s disease</topic><topic>motivation</topic><topic>cognition disorders</topic></subject><subject lang="en"><genre>ABR</genre><topic>ADL, activities of daily living</topic><topic>AES-C, clinician/researcher rated apathy evaluation scale</topic><topic>AES-S, self report rated apathy evaluation scale</topic><topic>BDI, Beck depression inventory</topic><topic>CAMCOG, Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly</topic><topic>COWAT, controlled word association test</topic><topic>HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale</topic><topic>MMSE, mini-mental state examination</topic><topic>NS, novelty seeking</topic><topic>PD-HA, Parkinson’s disease-high apathy</topic><topic>PD-LA, Parkinson’s disease-low apathy</topic><topic>SE, Schwab and England scale</topic><topic>SHPS, Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale</topic><topic>TPQ, tridimensional personality questionnaire</topic><topic>WCST, Wisconsin card sort test</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3050</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-330X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</identifier><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>73</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>636</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.73.6.636</identifier><identifier type="href">jnnp-73-636.pdf</identifier><identifier type="PMID">12438462</identifier><identifier type="local">0730636</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2002 Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>BMJ</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><annexes><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><extension>jpeg</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/922BE5CC0698C268B5960B4EC9D17B658329CB57/annexes/jpeg</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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